Exposure apparatus and field stop thereof

ABSTRACT

An exposure apparatus has a field stop, disposed in a position conjugate to a reticle, for regulating an illumination area on the reticle. The field stop is constructed of two aperture members including light shielding portions, rectangular first and second apertures and light reducing portions formed at sides of these apertures. The exposure apparatus also has a drive system for shifting positions of light reducing portions and relatively moving the two aperture members during the projection.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/919,351 filed Aug. 28, 1997, now abandoned, which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 08/391,588 filed Feb. 21, 1995, now abandoned, which is a continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 08/195,192 filed Feb. 14, 1994 (now U.S. Pat. No. 5,486,896 issued Jan. 23, 1996).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates generally to an exposure apparatus employed for manufacturing a semiconductor device and a liquid crystal display substrate or the like and, more particularly, to an exposure apparatus for performing, a so-called picture synthesization in which a pattern having a large area is formed by overlapping some portions of unit-area patterns with each other on a photosensitive substrate.

2. Related Background Art

This type of exposure apparatus has hitherto involved the use of a picture synthesizing method of eventually synthesizing a desired pattern by partitioning an exposure area into a plurality of unit areas on a photosensitive substrate and repeating an exposure in accordance with each unit area in order to cope with a scale-up (increase in area size of the exposure area) of the photosensitive substrate as an object for exposure. When effecting this picture synthesization, a positional deviation of the pattern is caused by a pattern depicting error of a reticle for a pattern projection, an aberration in a projection optical system and a positioning error of a stage for positioning the photosensitive substrate. For this reason, it follows that pattern breaks appear in positions of boundaries between the respective exposure areas, which should be connected without any gap. For preventing this, very slight quantities of boundaries between the respective exposure areas are overlapped with each other. When the exposure areas are overlapped, however, an exposure quantity of this portion is doubled, resulting in variation in terms of line width of the pattern at the connected portion between the respective exposure areas depending on a characteristic of a photosensitive agent. Further, when the picture synthesization takes place, a stepped portion is produced at the pattern joint lines due to a positional deviation (deviation in the direction orthogonal to the direction in which the pattern extends) between the exposure areas adjacent to each other. It may happen that the characteristic of the device is spoiled. Further, if a different exposure apparatus is burdened per layer (per process) with a process of overlapping the picture-synthesized single-layered patterns with each other in multi layers, an overlap error of the exposure area of each layer discontinuously changes at the pattern joint lines, depending on the aberration of the lens and a difference in terms of a positioning accuracy of each exposure apparatus. As a result, especially in an active matrix liquid crystal device, contrast discontinuously varies at the pattern joint lines, resulting in a decline of a device quality.

A method of obviating the problems inherent in the picture synthesization described above entails a technique disclosed in Japanese Patent Publication No. 63-49218. According to this technique, light reducing or light attenuating portions for reducing a quantity of the transmitted light are provided in positions, corresponding to the pattern joint lines, of a reticle or a filter superposed on the reticle. Then, pattern images passing through the light reducing portions are overlapped with each other on the photosensitive substrate, and, thus, the exposure is effected so that an exposure quantity of the pattern overlapped portion is substantially coincident with the exposure quantity of other portions.

The following problems, however, arise, in the technique stated in the above Publication.

First, when the reticle itself is provided with a light reducing or light attenuating characteristic, the number of steps of manufacturing the reticle increases, and a burden on the reticle manufacturing steps augments, increasing the possibility in which a pattern defect is produced during the manufacturing process. On the other hand, when using the filter to be overlapped with the reticle, there increases such a possibility that the reticle is damaged and contaminated by attaching and detaching the filter. Thus, problem is produced in terms of a maintenance and management of the reticle. Further, a dedicated filter is required to be prepared per reticle, and labors needed for manufacturing, maintaining and managing the filter are not ignorable.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is a primary object of the present invention to provide an exposure apparatus and a field stop that are capable of obtaining an ideal light reducing characteristic on an original plate without necessities for giving a light reducing characteristic to the original plate itself for transferring a pattern of a reticle or the like and for preparing light reducing members disposed differently for every original plate.

To accomplish the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a projection exposure apparatus for irradiating a reticle disposed in a position substantially conjugate to a field stop with a light beam from a light source through the field stop, projecting an image of the reticle illuminated with the light beam on a first exposure area on a photosensitive substrate through a projection optical system and, at the same time, projecting peripheral portions of the images on a second area adjacent to the first area on the photosensitive substrate while being overlapped with each other. In this projection exposure apparatus, the field stop is constructed of two superposed aperture members composed of light shielding portions for shielding the light beams and first and second apertures each taking a rectangular shape. Corresponding sides of the first aperture and the second aperture are disposed substantially in parallel. The light reducing portions are provided at a selected side of the first aperture in a face-to-face relationship with a selected side among the sides of the second aperture, and in such way that a transmissivity of a light beam becomes smaller from the centers of the first and second apertures toward the light shielding portions. Apertures of each of the two aperture members are combined to provide overlapped rectangular aperture portions, thereby changing a position of a light reducing portion which corresponds to an image peripheral portion.

Further, the two aperture members are relatively moved by a drive system in such directions that the sides of the overlapped aperture portions serving as the light reducing portions are extended during an image projection.

Moreover, a light shielding portion is formed by providing a light shielding material on a transparent substrate. A light reducing portion is formed at a boundary between an aperture and a light shielding portion on the transparent substrate, and so that density of the light shielding material becomes higher from the aperture toward the light shielding portion.

As described above, the field stop involves a combination of two aperture members including light shielding portions formed by providing light shielding material on a transparent substrate, a plurality of apertures and light reducing portions provided at selected sides among the sides of these apertures, and so that density of the light shielding material varies in accordance with distance from the center of an aperture. Hence, there are eliminated problems relative to a burden on manufacturing the reticle when providing the light reducing member on the reticle itself and damage and contamination of the reticle when attaching and detaching a light reducing filter to and from the reticle.

Further, the above two aperture members are combined and, at the same time, relatively moved in such directions that the sides of overlapped aperture portions serving as the light reducing portions are extended, thereby obtaining light reducing areas. It is therefore possible to obtain an ideal light reducing characteristic on the reticle.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent during the following discussion in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a view schematically illustrating a construction of an exposure apparatus in an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a view illustrating a configuration of a reticle blind according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a view showing a light reducing characteristic of the reticle blind according to the present invention;

FIGS. 4A to 4D are views each showing an example of shot areas, including shot areas having light reducing areas that are needed for picture synthesization;

FIGS. 5A to 5D are views each showing an example of combination of the blinds according to the present invention;

FIGS. 6A to 6D are views each showing an example of combination of the blinds according to the present invention;

FIGS. 7A to 7D are views each showing an example of combination of the blinds according to the present invention; and

FIGS. 8A to 8D are views showing other examples of light reducing portions of the blind.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a construction of an exposure apparatus in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. An ultra high pressure mercury lamp 1 serves as a light source for an exposure. Beams of illumination light emerging therefrom are converged by an elliptical mirror 2 and, after being reflected by a reflex mirror 3, are incident on a wavelength selection filter 4. The wavelengths selection filter 4 admits only wavelength (generally, wavelengths of g-line and i-line) needed for the exposure. The illumination light beams penetrating the wavelength selection filter 4, when traveling through a fly eye integrator 5, become light beams with a uniform distribution of illuminance and then reach a reticle blind unit (field stop) 6. The reticle blind unit 6 is adjusted by a drive system 16 to change a size of an aperture, thus regulating an illumination range of the illumination light. The reticle blind unit 6 has light shielding portions formed of a light shielding material such as chrome deposited on a transparent glass substrate. The reticle blind unit 6 also has apertures (light transmitting portions) having no light shielding material and light reducing portions formed by light shielding material deposited at boundaries between the light shielding portions and the apertures in such way that a density (i.e., a light transmissivity) of the light shielding material is varied. Note that a detailed description thereof will be given hereinbelow.

The light beams passing through an aperture of the reticle blind unit 6 are reflected by a reflex mirror 7 and fall on a lens system 8. This lens system 8 works to form an image of the aperture of the reticle blind unit 6 on a reticle 9, and a desired range of the reticle 9 is illuminated with the light beams. The reticle 9 is conjugate to the reticle blind unit 6 with respect to the lens system 8. A pattern image existing in the illumination range of the reticle 9 is formed on a photosensitive substrate 11 through a projection optical system 10, whereby the pattern of the reticle 9 is exposed on a partial area of the photosensitive substrate 11. The photosensitive substrate 11 is a wafer in the process of manufacturing a semiconductor integrated circuit or a glass substrate in the process of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element.

The photosensitive substrate 11 is fixed onto a stage 12. The stage 12 is a known stage in which a pair of blocks movable in directions orthogonal to each other are superposed on each other. A position of the photosensitive substrate 11 within a horizontal plane (orthogonal to the optical axis of the projection optical system) is adjusted by this stage 12. In the case of synthesizing a picture, after finishing one exposure, the reticle 9 is replaced, and, at the same time, the stage 12 is driven to set another position of the photosensitive substrate 11 to a next exposure area. The same procedures are repeated each time an exposure is finished, thus exposing all the areas of the photosensitive substrate 11. Note that the patterns for a plurality of exposures are formed on a single reticle or a plurality of reticles, and the pictures may be synthesized in some cases by changing the intra reticle illumination areas in combination with a change of the exposure areas of the photosensitive substrate 11.

The positional detection of the stage 12 involves emitting a laser beam 13 toward a movable mirror 14 on the stage 12 and using an unillustrated laser interferometer for measuring a distance on the basis of an interference between a reflected light beam and an incident light beam.

The reticle blind unit 6 is constructed in such a way that blinds 6 a, 6 b formed with two apertures as illustrated in FIG. 2 are disposed in a face-to-face relationship of the surfaces evaporation-coated with chrome (that is, the surfaces deposited with the light shielding materials being opposed to each other). Further, each of the blinds 6 a, 6 b includes a light shielding portion 15 b and attenuating or light reducing portions 15 c, 15 e, formed by evaporation-coating the chrome on a transparent glass substrate 15 a, for varying the illumination light or attenuating transmissivity of the illumination light. The blind also includes apertures 15 d, 15 f coated with no chrome. Further, each light reducing portion is formed by dotty chrome film evaporation deposited on the glass substrate 15 a as dots each having a size under a resolution limit of the projection optical system of the exposure apparatus, and density of this dotty chrome film becomes higher from the aperture 15 d toward the light reducing portion 15 b (alternatively from the aperture 15 f toward the light shielding portion 15 b), thus varying an attenuation ratio of the light reducing portion 15 c (or 15 e). FIG. 3 shows the light reducing characteristic of one blind 6 a or 6 b of the reticle blind unit 6.

Further, it is desirable that the light reducing portion 15 c or 15 e formed of this dotty chrome film be so disposed that the chrome-deposited surface is deviated from a position conjugate to the reticle 9. An amount of this deviation is so determined that the photosensitive substrate is not influenced by foreign matter adhered to the light reducing portion formed of the chrome film and having a size equal to or larger than a predetermined size. In other words, the amount of the deviation is so determined that an image of the foreign matter is not resolved.

Note that the light reducing portion is not confined to the above-mentioned material but may involve the use of all materials such as a liquid crystal, EC, etc. that are capable of reducing a light quantity. Further, the light reducing characteristic of the light reducing portions 15 c, 15 e is not limited to an example where a quantity of the transmitted light is rectilinearly reduced in proportion to distances from the centers of the apertures 15 d, 15 f but may be such that the quantity of the transmitted light is curvilinearly changed on the premise that a synthesizing exposure quantity in an overlap range of the image on the photosensitive substrate is substantially coincident with an exposure quantity in other areas.

By the way, when an exposure area having a large size is exposed based on the picture synthesization, the way of synthesizing the picture by selecting which side to overlap among the four sides of one shot area, i.e., by setting which side of the shot area as a light reducing area may differ depending on the shot area. For this reason, there can be considered various combinations of the sides serving as the light reducing area in each shot area in the form of the light reducing portions as indicated by shading in FIGS. 4A to 4C. That is, as illustrated in FIG. 4A, when a single device 20 is formed of nine shot areas, there are required nine kinds of shot areas 21 to 29 defined by the reticle blind unit 6. In this connection, if one device is formed of four shot areas, there may be prepared four kinds of shot areas 21, 23, 27, 29. Also, if the single device is formed of six shot areas, there may be prepared six kinds of shot areas 21, 22, 23, 27, 28, 29 or the shot areas 21, 23, 24, 26, 27, 29.

Further, as depicted in FIG. 4B, if a device 30 is formed of three shot areas arranged crosswise in one line, three kinds of shot areas 31 to 33 are required. Furthermore, as illustrated in FIG. 4C, when a device 40 is formed of three shot areas arranged vertically in one line, three shot areas 41 to 43 are needed. Note that a shot area 51 shown in FIG. 4D may be exemplified as a shot area requiring no light reducing area.

According to the present invention, a light reducing area is formed by arranging two reticle blinds as shown in FIGS. 2 to 5 d as to superpose them with aperture portions overlapped, and, at the same time, at least one of these two reticle blinds is one-dimensionally moved by the drive system 16, thus forming a light reducing area. The reticle blind is moved in a direction (longitudinal direction) where the side of a light reducing area of the overlapped aperture overlapped is extended. There are considered two methods of forming a light reducing area, wherein a right aperture 15 d of one blind is overlapped with a left aperture 15 f of the other blind, and the right aperture 15 d and the left aperture 15 f of each blind are overlapped with each other. In addition, only one blind is moved right or left (in a direction where the two apertures are arranged), or alternatively, the two blinds are moved in directions opposite to each other. As illustrated in FIGS. 5A to 5D, FIGS. 6A to 6D and FIGS. 7A to 7D, there are various ways of making the above movements in combination. Note that the areas indicated by the single shading in FIGS. 5A to 5D, FIGS. 6A to 6D and FIGS. 7A to 7D are light reducing areas obtained by the light reducing portions 15 c, 15 e of the blinds. Also, the areas shown by double shading are light reducing areas obtained by moving a blind or blinds during an image projection.

More particularly, referring to FIG. 5A, the aperture 15 d of the blind 6 a is overlapped with the aperture 15 f of the blind 6 b, and the two sides in the face-to-face relationship along the X-direction in the Figure serve as the light reducing areas. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 42 in FIG. 4C.

Referring to FIG. 5B, the aperture 15 d of the blind 6 a is overlapped with the aperture 15 f of the blind 6 b, and, at the same time, the blind 6 b is moved in an arrowed direction during the reticle image projection, whereby two sides bearing the face-to-face relationship along the X-direction in the Figure and one side along the Y-direction serve as light reducing areas. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 26 in FIG. 4A.

Turning attention to FIG. 5C, the aperture 15 d of the blind 6 a is overlapped with the aperture 15 f of the blind 6 b, and, at the same time, the blind 6 a is moved in the arrowed direction during the reticle image projection, whereby two sides bearing the face-to-face relationship along the X-direction in the Figure and one side along the Y-direction serve as light reducing areas. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 24 in FIG. 4A.

Referring to FIG. 5D, the aperture 15 d of the blind 6 a is overlapped with the aperture 15 f of the blind 6 b, and, at the same time, the blinds 6 a, 6 b are moved in the arrowed directions during reticle image projection, whereby all the four sides serve as light reducing areas. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 25 in FIG. 4A.

Referring to FIG. 6A, the apertures 15 d of the blinds 6 a, 6 b are overlapped with each other, or alternatively, the apertures 15 f of the blinds 6 a, 6 b are overlapped with each other, whereby one side along the X-direction serve as a light reducing area. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 41 or 43 in FIG. 4C.

Referring to FIG. 6B, the apertures 15 d of the blinds 6 a, 6 b are overlapped with each other, or alternatively, the apertures 15 f of the blinds 6 a, 6 b are overlapped with each other, and, at the same time, the blind 6 b is moved in the arrowed direction during the reticle image projection, whereby one side along the X-direction in the Figure and one side adjacent thereto serve as light reducing areas. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 23 or 29 in FIG. 4A.

Referring to FIG. 6C, the apertures 15 d of the blinds 6 a, 6 b are overlapped with each other, or alternatively, the apertures 15 f of the blinds 6 a, 6 b are overlapped with each other, and, at the same time, the blind 6 a is moved in the arrowed direction during the reticle image projection, whereby one side along the X-direction in the Figure and one side adjacent thereto serve as light reducing areas. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 21 or 27 in FIG. 4A.

Referring to FIG. 6D, the apertures 15 d of the blinds 6 a, 6 b are overlapped with each other, or alternatively, the apertures 15 f of the blinds 6 a, 6 b are overlapped with each other, and, at the same time, the blinds 6 a, 6 b are moved in the arrowed direction during the reticle image projection, whereby one side along the X-direction in the Figure and two sides in the face-to-face relationship along the Y-direction serve as light reducing areas. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 22 or 28 in FIG. 4A.

Referring to FIG. 7A, the aperture 15 d of the blind 6 a is overlapped with the aperture 15 f of the blind 6 b, thereby forming a shot area including no light reducing area. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 51 in FIG. 4D.

Referring to FIG. 7B, the aperture 15 d of the blind 6 a is overlapped with the aperture 15 f of the blind 6 b, and, at the same time, the blind 6 a is moved in the arrowed direction during the reticle image projection, whereby only one side along the Y-direction in the Figure serves as a light reducing area. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 33 in FIG. 4B.

Referring to FIG. 7C, the aperture 15 d of the blind 6 a is overlapped with the aperture 15 f of the blind 6 b, and, at the same time, the blind 6 b is moved in the arrowed direction during the reticle image projection, whereby only one side along the Y-direction serves as a light reducing area. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 31 in FIG. 4B.

Referring to FIG. 7D, the aperture 15 d of the blind 6 a is overlapped with the aperture 15 f of the blind 6 b, and, at the same time, the blinds 6 a, 6 b are moved in the arrowed directions during the reticle image projection, whereby two sides along the Y-direction serve as light reducing areas. A shot area obtained thereby corresponds to a shot area 32 in FIG. 4B.

As illustrated in FIGS. 5A to 7D, the two blinds are combined, thereby making it possible to form all the shot areas needed in FIGS. 4A to 4D.

Combining the above-constructed two blinds eliminates not only the necessity for attaching and detaching the filter formed with the light reducing portions as in the prior art but also the necessities for providing the reticle with the light shielding band having a width equal to or larger than a width of the light reducing portion and for a special manufacturing process such as providing the reticle itself with the light reducing characteristic.

Moreover, a light reducing portion formed on a blind is employed in combination with the movement of the blind, and, therefore, an ideal light reducing characteristic can be obtained. For this reason, when, e.g., the two sides adjacent to each other are provided with the light reducing characteristic, and, even if there is produced a portion undergoing four exposing processes on the photosensitive substrate, the exposure quantity on this portion is substantially the same as the exposure quantity on other portions.

In accordance with the embodiments discussed above, a blind including light reducing portions is exemplified in FIG. 2, but the combinational blinds as shown in FIGS. 8A to 8D may also be employed.

It is apparent that, in this invention, a wide range of different working modes can be formed based on the invention without deviating from the spirit and scope of the invention. This invention is not restricted by its specific working modes except being limited by the appended claims. 

What is claimed is:
 1. An exposure apparatus which exposes an image of a pattern of a reticle onto a substrate, comprising: an illumination optical system which illuminates said reticle; an exposure control device which, when said image of said pattern is exposed onto a plurality of shot areas on said substrate, controls the exposure such that specific portions of said plurality of shot areas overlap; a field restricting device which is disposed at an incident side of said reticle and has a pair of aperture members each including a light shielding portion, a first rectangular aperture, and a light reducing portion formed at a selected side of said first rectangular aperture; and a drive system, connected to said field restricting device, which relatively moves said pair of aperture members during said exposure.
 2. An exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said light reducing portions are provided at a first side of said first aperture on one aperture member of said pair of aperture members and a third side of said first aperture on the other aperture member of said pair of aperture members which corresponds to a second side in a face-to-face relationship with the first side, and, on each aperture member, said light reducing portion has a transmissivity of the light beams which becomes smaller from the center of said first aperture toward said light shielding portion.
 3. An exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said first apertures are combined so as to provide overlapped rectangular aperture portions, and said drive system moves each of said two aperture members relatively in such directions that the selected sides of the overlapped aperture portions are extended during the projecting.
 4. An exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein each of said aperture members has said light shielding portion formed on a transparent substrate and also has said light reducing portion provided at a boundary between said light shielding portion and said first aperture in such a manner that density thereof becomes higher from said aperture toward said light shielding portion.
 5. An exposure apparatus according to claim 4, wherein each said light reducing portion is formed of dotty light shielding material whose dot size is under a limit of resolution of said projection optical system, and the density thereof is increased by changing the density of said dotty light shielding material.
 6. An exposure apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said illumination optical system comprises a lens disposed between said reticle and said field restricting device, and said light reducing portion is disposed in a position which is deviated from a position conjugate to the reticle with respect to said lens.
 7. A field stop device which regulates a sectional area of a light beam to a predetermined area, said field stop device comprising: a pair of transparent substrates disposed in a face-to-face relationship with each other; a light shielding portion, formed on each of said transparent substrates, which shields the light beam; first and second rectangular apertures formed in each of said transparent substrates, corresponding sides of said apertures being disposed substantially in parallel; and a light reducing portion provided on each of said transparent substrates, said light reducing portions being formed at a first side of said first aperture and a third side of said second aperture which corresponds to a second side in the face-to-face relationship with the first side of said first aperture in such a way that transmissivity becomes smaller from the center of each aperture in a transparent substrate toward the light shielding portion thereof.
 8. A field stop device according to claim 7, further comprising a drive system for shifting a position of said light reducing portion by combining said first and second apertures with each other and, at the same time, relatively moving said plurality of transparent substrates in such directions that the first and third sides are extended.
 9. A field stop device according to claim 7, wherein, on each transparent substrate, said light shielding portion is formed of a light shielding material provided on the transparent substrate, and each of said light reducing portions is provided at a boundary between said light shielding portion on said transparent substrate and said aperture, and the density of said light reducing portion becomes higher from said aperture toward said light shielding portion.
 10. A field stop device according to claim 9, wherein said light reducing portion is formed of dotty light shielding material whose dot size is under a limit of resolution of a projection optical system used with said field stop device, and the density thereof is increased by changing the density of said dotty light shielding material.
 11. An exposure apparatus for illuminating a reticle with light beams from a light source and projecting an image of the reticle illuminated with the light beams on a photosensitive substrate through a projection optical system, said apparatus comprising: a field stop device, disposed in a position substantially conjugate to the reticle, the field stop device forming a field stop for regulating an illumination area on the reticle, said field stop device including a first aperture member and a second aperture member, the first aperture member having a light shielding portion, a first rectangular aperture and a light reducing portion formed at a selected side of the first rectangular aperture, the second aperture member having a light shielding portion, a second rectangular aperture and a light reducing portion formed at a selected side of the second rectangular aperture, corresponding sides of said first aperture and said second aperture being disposed substantially parallel, the first aperture member and the second aperture member being arranged to form the field stop by combining the first and second rectangular apertures; wherein said light reducing portions are provided at a first side of said first aperture and a third side of said second aperture which corresponds to a second side in a face-to-face relationship with the first side, and, on each aperture member, said light reducing portion has a transmissivity of the light beams which becomes smaller from the center of said first or second aperture toward said light shielding portion.
 12. An exposure apparatus according to claim 11, further comprising: a drive system, connected to said field stop device, which moves the first and second aperture members relative to each other during projecting of an image to change a position of at least one of said light reducing portions.
 13. An exposure apparatus according to claim 12, wherein said first and second apertures are combined so as to provide overlapped rectangular aperture portions, and said drive system moves each of said two aperture members relatively in such directions that the selected sides of the overlapped aperture portions are extended during the projecting.
 14. An exposure apparatus according to claim 11, wherein each of said aperture members has said light shielding portion formed on a transparent substrate and also has said light reducing portion provided at a boundary between said light shielding portion and said first or second aperture in such a manner that density thereof becomes higher from said aperture toward said light shielding portion.
 15. An exposure apparatus according to claim 14, wherein each said light reducing portion is formed of dotty light shielding material whose dot size is under a limit of resolution of said projection optical system, and the density thereof is increased by changing the density of said dotty light shielding material.
 16. An exposure apparatus which exposes a pattern of a reticle onto a substrate with exposure light, comprising: an illumination optical system which illuminates said reticle with said exposure light; a field stop device, disposed in an optical path of said illumination optical system, the field stop device including a first aperture member and a second aperture member, the first aperture member having a light shielding portion and a first rectangular aperture, the second aperture member having a light shielding portion and a second aperture, the first and second aperture members forming an illumination area of said exposure light on said reticle by combining the first rectangular aperture and the second aperture; a drive system which moves the first rectangular aperture and the second aperture relative to each other during an exposure of said pattern of said reticle onto said substrate with said exposure light to change a position of at least one of said light shielding portions and to adjust a light amount of said exposure light.
 17. An exposure apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said first aperture member has a first light reducing portion, formed at a selected side of said first rectangular aperture, which reduces light beams of said illumination optical system.
 18. An exposure apparatus according to claim 17, wherein said illumination optical system comprises a lens disposed between said reticle and said field stop device, and said first light reducing portion is disposed in a position which is deviated from a position conjugate to the reticle with respect to said lens.
 19. An exposure apparatus according to claim 16, wherein said second aperture is a rectangular aperture.
 20. An exposure apparatus according to claim 19, wherein said second aperture member has a second light reducing portion, formed at a selected side of said second rectangular aperture, which reduces light beams of said illumination optical system.
 21. An exposure apparatus according to claim 20, wherein said illumination optical system comprises a lens disposed between said reticle and said field stop device, and said second light reducing portion is disposed in a position which is deviated from a position conjugate to the reticle with respect to said lens.
 22. An exposure apparatus according to claim 16, further comprising: a projection optical system, disposed between said illumination optical system and said substrate, which projects said pattern of the reticle onto said substrate. 